Highlights
- •The scientific literature is not unanimous about the best structure of SPADI.
- •The original version of SPADI with 2 domains and 13 items showed a high covariance between domains.
- •The version of SPADI with a domain and 13 items presents a better structure than the two-dimensional version.
Abstract
Background
The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) is a measuring instrument for pain
and disability in patients with shoulder dysfunction. However, its structure is controversial
(ie, 1 or 2 domains).
Purpose
To investigate the structural validity of the Brazilian version of the SPADI in patients
with chronic shoulder pain.
Study Design
Cross-sectional study.
Methods
Brazilian Portuguese speakers of both genders aged 18 years or older with shoulder
pain for at least 90 days (chronic) were included in this study. The structure of
the SPADI was assessed by means of exploratory factor analysis with the implementation
of parallel analysis and by confirmatory factor analysis. For the latter, the following
goodness-of-fit indices were considered: root mean square error of approximation with
90% confidence interval, comparative fit index, Tucker–Lewis index, standardized root
mean square residual, and chi-square/degrees of freedom.
Results
A total of 103 participants were included in the study. The original version of the
SPADI with 2 domains and 13 items showed high covariance between domains (0.98), suggesting
one-dimensionality. After exploratory factor analysis with the implementation of parallel
analysis, one-dimensionality was found in the SPADI. Comparing models with 1 and 2
domains by means of confirmatory factor analysis, both presented adequate values (chi-square/degrees
of freedom < 3; comparative fit index and Tucker–Lewis index > 0.90; root mean square
error of approximation and standardized root mean square residual < 0.08). However,
the model with one domain is more suitable for presenting lower values of Akaike information
criterion (3308.713) and Bayesian information criterion (3377.216).
Conclusion
The Brazilian version of the SPADI has a one-dimensional structure with 13 items (“shoulder
impairment” construct), in contrast to the version with 2 domains.
Keywords
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References
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JHT Read for Credit
Quiz: # 892
Record your answers on the Return Answer Form found on the tear-out coupon at the back of this issue or to complete online and use a credit card, go to JHTReadforCredit.com. There is only one best answer for each question.
- # 1.The study design is
- a.RCTs
- b.qualitative
- c.cross-sectional
- d.case series
- a.
- # 2.The English version of the SPADI
- a.has been shown to be valid
- b.has never been tested for its validity
- c.failed validation analysis when converted to Spanish
- d.has been rejected by the APTA and ASHT quality control committees
- a.
- # 3.Which was used to assess compatibility of the English and Portuguese versions
- a.an ANOVA
- b.two different ICCs
- c.perpendicular analysis
- d.parallel analysis
- a.
- # 4.The two-dimensional SPADI includes these domains
- a.glenohumeral motion and function
- b.function and sensation
- c.disability and pain
- d.pain and ROM
- a.
- # 5.The Brazilian version of the SPADI is one-dimensional with 13 items, whereas the original English version has two domains
- a.not true
- b.true
- a.
When submitting to the HTCC for re-certification, please batch your JHT RFC certificates in groups of 3 or more to get full credit.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: January 13, 2021
Accepted:
January 7,
2021
Received in revised form:
November 30,
2020
Received:
September 20,
2020
Footnotes
Funding: This work as partially supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (PIBITI/CNPq, Brazil) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Brazil, finance code 001).
Identification
Copyright
© 2021 Hanley & Belfus, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
