Journal of Hand Therapy
Volume 22, Issue 2 , Pages 136-143 , April 2009

Focal task-specific dystonia of the musicians’ hand—a practical approach for the clinician

  • Steven J. Frucht, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence and reprint requests to S.J. Frucht, MD, Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, The Neurological Institute, 710 West 168th St, New York, NY 10032; Tel.: +1-212-305-0429; fax: +1-212-305-1304

References 

  1. Lederman RJ. Neuromuscular and musculoskeletal problems in instrumental musicians. Muscle Nerve. 2003;27:549–561
  2. Fahn S, Bressman SB, Marsden CD. Classification of dystonia. Adv Neurol. 1998;78:1–10
  3. Frucht SJ. Focal task-specific dystonia in musicians. Adv Neurol. 2004;94:225–230
  4. Sheehy , Marsden CD. Writer's cramp—a focal dystonia. Brain. 1982;105:461–480
  5. Frucht SJ, Fahn S, Greene PE, et al. The natural history of embouchure dystonia. Mov Disord. 2001;16:899–906
  6. Conti AM, Pullman S, Frucht SJ. The hand that has forgotten its cunning—lessons from musicians' hand dystonia. Mov Disord. 2008;23:1398–1406
  7. Defazio G, Berardelli A, Hallett M. Do primary adult-onset focal dystonias share aetiological factors?. Brain. 2007;130:1183–1193
  8. Schmidt A, Jabusch HC, Altenmuller E, et al. Dominantly transmitted focal dystonia in families of patients with musician's cramp. Neurology. 2006;67:691–693
  9. Meunier S, Garnero L, Ducorps A, et al. Human brain mapping in dystonia reveals both endophenotypic traits and adaptive reorganization. Ann Neurol. 2001;50:521–527
  10. Garraux G, Bauer A, Hanakawa T, Wu T, Kansaku K, Hallett M. Changes in brain anatomy in focal hand dystonia. Ann Neurol. 2004;55:736–739
  11. Molloy FM, Carr TD, Zeuner KE, Dambrosia JM, Hallett M. Abnormalities of spatial discrimination in focal and generalized dystonia. Brain. 2003;126:2175–2182
  12. Charness ME, Ross MH, Shefner JM. Ulnar neuropathy and dystonic flexion of the fourth and fifth digits: clinical correlation in musicians. Muscle Nerve. 1996;19:431–437
  13. Byl NN, Merzenich MM, Jenkins WM. A primate genesis model of focal dystonia and repetitive strain injury: learning-induced dedifferentiation of the representation of the hand in the primary somatosensory cortex in adult monkeys. Neurology. 1996;47:508–520
  14. Topp KS, Byl NN. Movement dysfunction following repetitive hand opening and closing: anatomical analysis in Owl monkeys. Mov Disord. 1999;14:295–306
  15. Wilson FR, Wagner C, Homberg V. Biomechanical abnormalities in musicians with occupational cramp/focal dystonia. J Hand Ther. 1993;6:298–307
  16. Leijnse JM. Anatomical factors predisposing to focal dystonia in the musician's hand—principles, theoretical examples, clinical significance. J Biomech. 1997;30:659–669
  17. Jabusch HC, Zschucke D, Schmidt A, Schuele S, Altenmuller E. Focal dystonia in musicians: treatment strategies and long-term outcome in 144 patients. Mov Disord. 2005;20:1623–1626
  18. Byl N, Nagarajan S, McKenzie AL. Treatment effectiveness of patients with a history of repetitive strain injury and focal hand dystonia: a planned, prospective follow up study. J Hand Ther. 2000;13:289–301
  19. Byl N, Nagajaran S, McKenzie AL. Effect of sensory discrimination training on structure and function in patients with focal hand dystonia: a case series. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84:1505–1514
  20. Candia V, Elbert T, Altenmuller E, Rau H, Schafer T, Taub E. Constraint-induced movement therapy for focal hand dystonia in musicians. Lancet. 1999;353:42
  21. Candia V, Schafer T, Taub E, et al. Sensory motor retuning: a behavioral treatment for focal hand dystonia of pianists and guitarists. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;83:1342–1348
  22. Candia V, Wienbruch C, Elbert T, Rockstrop B, Ray W. Effective behavioral treatment of focal hand dystonia in musicians alters somatosensory cortical organization. PNAS. 2003;100:7942–7946
  23. Candia V, Rosset-Llobet J, Elbert T, Pascual-Leone A. Changing the brain through therapy for musicians' hand dystonia. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005;1060:335–342
  24. Zeuner KE, Hallett M. Sensory training as treatment for focal hand dystonia: a 1-year follow-up. Mov Disord. 2003;18:1044–1047
  25. Zeuner KE, Peller M, Knutzen , Hallett M, Deuschl G, Siebner HR. Motor re-training does not need to be task specific to improve writer's cramp. Mov Disord. 2008;doi:10.1002/mds.22222
  26. Priori A, Pesenti A, Cappellari A, Scarlato G, Barbieri S. Limb immobilization for the treatment of focal occupational dystonia. Neurology. 2001;57:405–409
  27. Taira T, Harashima S, Hori T. Neurosurgical treatment for writer's cramp. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2003;87:129–131
  28. Cole R, Hallett M, Cohen LG. Double-blind trial of botulinum toxin for treatment of focal hand dystonia. Mov Disord. 1995;10:466–471
  29. Karp BI. Botulinum toxin treatment of occupational and focal hand dystonia. Mov Disord. 2004;19(S8):116–119
  30. Schuele S, Jabusch HC, Lederman RJ, Altenmuller E. Botulinum toxin injections in the treatment of musician's dystonia. Neurology. 2005;64:341–343
  31. Pullman SL, Greene P, Fahn S, Pedersen SF. Approach to the treatment of limb disorders with botulinum toxin A. Arch Neurol. 1996;53:617–624
  32. Ceballos-Baumann AO, Sheean G, Passingham RE, Marsden CD, Brooks DJ. Botulinum toxin does not reverse the cortical dysfunction associated with writer's cramp; a PET study. Brain. 1997;120:571–582
  33. Byrnes ML, Thickbroom GW, Wilson SA, et al. The corticomotor representation of upper limb muscles in writer's cramp and changes following botulinum toxin injection. Brain. 1998;121:977–988
  34. Gillo F, Curra A, Lorenzano C, Modugno N, Manfredi M, Berardelli A. Effects of botulinum toxin type A on intracortical inhibition in patients with dystonia. Ann Neurol. 2000;48:20–26

PII: S0894-1130(08)00197-X

doi: 10.1016/j.jht.2008.11.006

Journal of Hand Therapy
Volume 22, Issue 2 , Pages 136-143 , April 2009