Journal of Hand Therapy
Volume 19, Issue 2 , Pages 154-169 , April 2006

Management of Distal Biceps and Triceps Ruptures

  • Susan M. Blackmore, MS, OTR/L, CHT

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence and reprint requests to Susan M. Blackmore, MS, OTR/L, CHT, The Philadelphia Hand Center, 700 South Henderson Road, Suite 200, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406
    • ,
  • Ryan M. Jander, MD
    • ,
  • Randall W. Culp, MD

References 

  1. Anzel SH, Covey KW, Weiner AD, Lipscomb PR. Disruption of muscles and tendons; an analysis of 1,014 cases. Surgery. 1959;45(3):406–414
  2. D'Alessandro DF, Shields CLJ, Tibone JE, Chandler RW. Repair of distal biceps tendon ruptures in athletes. Am J Sports Med. 1993;21(1):114–119
  3. Gilcreest EL. Unusual lesions of muscles and tendons of the shoulder girdle and upper arm. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1939;68:903–917
  4. Strauch RJ, Michelson H, Rosenwasser MP. Repair of rupture of the distal tendon of the biceps brachii. Review of the literature and report of three case studies treated with single anterior incision an suture anchors. [Review] Am J Orthop. 1997;26(2):151–156
  5. Baker BE, Bierwagen D. Rupture of the distal tendon of the biceps brachii: operative vs. nonoperative treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1985;67:414–417
  6. Morrey BF, Askew LJ, An K-N. Rupture of the distal tendon of the biceps brachii: a biomechanical study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1985;67A:418–421
  7. Cheung EV, Lazarus M, Taranta M. Immediate range of motion after distal biceps tendon repair. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2005;14(5):516–518
  8. El-Hawary R, MacDermid JC, Faber KJ, Patterson SD, King GJW. Distal biceps tendon repair: comparison of surgical techniques. J Hand Surg [Am]. 2003;28(3):496–502
  9. Thompson KL. Rupture of the distal biceps tendon in collegiate football player: a case report. J Athl Train. 1998;33(1):62–64
  10. Seiler JG, Parker LM, Chamberland PD, Sherbourne GM, Carpenter WA. The distal biceps tendon. Two potential mechanisms involved in its rupture: arterial supply and mechanical impingement. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1995;4(3):149–156
  11. Van Riet RP, Morrey BF, Ho E, O'Driscoll SW. Surgical treatment of distal triceps ruptures. J Bone Joint Surg. 2003;85A(No. 10):1961–1967
  12. Wagner JR, Cooney WP. Rupture of the triceps muscle at the musculotendinous junction: a case report. J Hand Surg [Am]. 1997;22(2):341–343
  13. Aso K, Torisu T. Muscle belly tear of the triceps. Am J Sports Med. 1984;12:485–487
  14. Strauch RJ. Biceps and triceps injuries of the elbow. Orthop Clin North Am. 1999;30:95–107
  15. Bach BR, Warren RF, Wickiewicz TL. Triceps rupture: a case report and literature review. Am J Sports Med. 1987;15:285–289
  16. Farrar EL, Lippert FG. Avulsion of the triceps tendon. Clin Orthop. 1981;161:242–246
  17. Vidal AF, Answorth A. Biceps tendon and triceps tendon injuries. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2003;11:47–56
  18. Morrey BF. Ruptures of the triceps tendon. In:  Morrey BF editors. The Elbow and Its Disorders. 3rd ed.. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2000;p. 479–484
  19. Rutland RT, Dunbar RP, Bowen JD. The biceps squeeze test for diagnosis of distal biceps tendon ruptures. Clin Orthop. 2005;437:128–131
  20. Viegas SF. Avulsion of the triceps tendon. Orthop Rev. 1990;19:553–556
  21. Rantanen J, Orava S. Rupture of the distal biceps tendon. A report of 19 patients treated with anatomical reinsertion, and a meta-analysis of 147 cases found in the literature. Am J Sports Med. Mar–Apr 1999;27(2):128–132
  22. Aldridge JW, Bruno RJ, Strauch RJ, Rosenwasser MP. Management of acute and chronic biceps tendon ruptures. Hand Clin. 2000;16(No. 3):497–503
  23. Ramsey ML. Distal biceps tendon injuries: diagnosis and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1999;7(3):199–207
  24. Boyd HB, Anderson LD. A method for reinsertion of the distal biceps brachii tendon. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1961;43(7):1041–1043
  25. Mair SD, Isbell WM, Gill TJ, Schlegel TF, Hawkins RJ. Triceps tendon ruptures in professional football players. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(2):431–434
  26. Bos CF, Nelissen RG, Bloem JL. Incomplete rupture of the tendon of the triceps brachii. A case report. Int Orthop. 1994;18:273–275
  27. Levy H, Mashoot AA, Morgan D. Repair of chronic ruptures of the distal biceps tendon using flexor carpi radialis tendon graft. Am J Sports Med. 2000;28(No. 4):538–540
  28. Hang DW, Bach BR, Bojchuk J. Repair of chronic distal biceps tendon ruptures using free autogenous semitendinosis tendon. Clin Orthop. 1996;323:188–191
  29. Hovelius L, Josefsson G. Rupture of the distal biceps tendon. Report of five cases. Acta Orthop Scand. 1977;48(3):280–282
  30. Vastamaki M, Brummer H, Solonen KA. Avulsion of the distal biceps brachii tendon. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52(1):45–48
  31. Sotereanos DG, Sarris I, Chou KH. Radioulnar synostosis after the two-incision biceps repair; a standardized treatment protocol. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2004;13(4):448–453
  32. Kelly EW, Morrey BF, O'Driscoll SW. Complications of repair of the distal biceps tendon with the modified two-incision technique. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000;82A(11):1575–1581
  33. Bernstein AD, Breslow MJ, Jazawi LM. Distal biceps tendon ruptures: a historical perspective and current concepts. [Review] Am J Orthop. Mar 2001;30(3):
  34. Morrey BF. Injury of the flexors of the elbow: biceps in tendon injury. In:  Morrey BF editors. The Elbow and Its Disorders. 3rd ed.. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2000;p. 468–478
  35. Greenberg J, Fernandez JJ, Wang T, Turner C. EndoButton-assisted repair of distal biceps tendon ruptures. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2003;12(5):484–490
  36. Pereira DS, Kvitne RS, Liang M, Giacobetti FB, Ebramzedeh E. Surgical repair of distal biceps tendon ruptures: a biomechanical comparison of two techniques. Am J Sports Med. 2002;30(3):432–434
  37. Levy M. Repair of triceps tendon avulsions or ruptures. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1987;69(1):115
  38. Pina A, Garcia I, Sabater M. Traumatic avulsion of the triceps brachii. J Orthop Trauma. 2002;16(4):273–276
  39. Morrey BF. Tendon injuries about the elbow. In:  Morrey BF editors. The Elbow and its Disorders. 2nd ed.. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1993;p. 492–504
  40. McKee MD, Hirji R, Schemitsch EH, Wild LM, Waddell JP. Patient oriented functional outcome after repair of distal biceps tendon ruptures using a single-incision technique. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2005;14(3):302–306
  41. Boyer MI, Goldfarb CA, Gelberman RH. Recent progress in flexor tendon healing: the modulation of tendon healing with rehabilitation variables. J Hand Ther. 2005;18:80–85
  42. Holleb PD, Bach BR. Triceps brachii injuries. Sports Med. 1990;10:273–276
  43. Hotchkiss RN. Fractures and dislocations of the elbow. In:  Rockwood CA,  Green DP,  Bucholtz RA editor. Fractures in Adults. 4th ed.. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 1996;p. 739–841
  44. Morrey BF. Splints and bracing at the elbow. In:  Morrey BF editors. The Elbow and Its Disorders. 3rd ed.. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2000;p. 150–154
  45. Wilk KE, Levinson M. Rehabilitation of the athlete's elbow. In:  Altchek DW,  Andrews JR editor. The Athlete's Elbow. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins; 2001;
  46. MacDermid JC. Outcome evaluation in patients with elbow pathology: issues in instrument development and evaluation. J Hand Ther. 2001;14:105–114
  47. King GJW, Richards RR, Zuckerman JD, et al. A standardized method for assessment of elbow function. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1999;8:351–354
  48. Greer MA, Miklos-Essenberg ME. Early mobilization using dynamic splinting with acute triceps tendon avulsion: a case report. J Hand Ther. 2005;18(3):365–371
  49. Nguyen HT, Farrar KL, Buchanan J, Fleming M. Distal biceps brachii tendon rupture: nonoperative treatment with rehabilitation exercises. J Sports Chiropr Rehabil. 1999;13(3):121–126
  50. Preston FS, Adicoff A. Hyperparathyroidism with avulsion at three major tendons. N Engl J Med. 1961;266:968
  51. Davison BL, Engber WD, Tigert LJ. Long term evaluation of repaired distal biceps brachii tendon ruptures. Clin Orthop. 1996;333:186–191
  52. D'Arco P, Sitler M, Kelly J, et al. Clinical, functional, and radiographic assessments of the conventional and modified Boyd–Anderson surgical procedures for repair of distal biceps tendon ruptures. Am J Sports Med. 1998;26(2):254–261
  53. Leddy TP, Closkey RF, Pinciotti DF, Leddy JP. Non-operative treatment of distal biceps brachii tendon rupture: long-term follow-up. Paper presented at: AAOS annual meeting, Los Angeles, CA, 1999.
  54. Ikavalko M, Lehto MU. Fractured rheumatoid elbow: treatment with Souter elbow arthroplasty—a clinical and radiological midterm follow-up. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2001;10:256–259
  55. Evans NA, Bowrey DJ, Newman GR. Ultrastructural analysis of ruptured tendons from anabolic steroid users. Injury. 1998;29:769–773
  56. de Waal Malefijt MC, Beeker TW. Avulsion of the triceps tendon in secondary hyperparathyroidism. A case report. Acta Orthop Scand. 1987;58:434–435

PII: S0894-1130(06)00041-X

doi: 10.1197/j.jht.2006.02.001

Journal of Hand Therapy
Volume 19, Issue 2 , Pages 154-169 , April 2006

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution